
Siberian Cranes crowd into planted lotus ponds to forage for tubers in November. High water levels caused by late summer floods have driven the cranes from their normal feeding areas into the lotus ponds.
Summer rains in late summer are a typical feature of the upper Yangtze Valley in China. Moisture-laden monsoon winds driven up from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean encounter the edge of the Tibetan plateau, causing clouds to release their stored water. In summer 2020, ocean temperatures were unusually high, so that the clouds had a greater-than-usual water load, leading to the highest ever recorded rainfall in June and July. The resulting floods were devastating, causing many rivers to burst their banks. Almost four million people were displaced, with over 150 dead or missing, and the loss of livelihoods and other economic damage is estimated at over 20 million dollars.
Poyang Lake, China’s largest freshwater lake, lies at the heart of the Yangtze floodplain and water levels are typically high during the summer. However, this year the level of the lake was the highest recorded, and dikes were destroyed to let water out to surrounding areas. Water levels eventually receded. But even now, in early winter, water levels remain exceptionally high. While insignificant compared to the human suffering, the outlook for the 4,000 Siberian Cranes that depend on Poyang lake during the winter is also bleak.
The cranes’ natural foodplants in the lake consist primarily of the submerged tubers of wild celery Vallisneria. The growth of the tubers is dependent on sufficient light reaching the plants during the summer. The high water levels and turbid water this summer caused all the plants to perish during the floods. The plant die-off results in the birds having to leave the secure environment of the lakes and nature reserves designed to protect them, to forage in remaining agricultural areas, still underwater, and offering few feeding opportunities.

Lotus roots ready for planting.
However, there is a glimmer of hope for the cranes. Since 2017, a local non-governmental organization under the dedicated and passionate leadership of Ms. Zhou Haiyan, popularly known as YaYa, has been planting lotus ponds on purchased lands near the lake. The lotus ponds are on a former farm, called Five Star (Wuxing) Farm, which was abandoned by farmers because of low economic returns. Subsequently, in winters of poor natural food availability in Poyang Lake, hundreds of Siberian Cranes have flocked to the ponds to feed on the lotus plants’ roots. They can feed safely there, away from agricultural poisons and free from disturbance, since YaYa has constructed blinds to hide photographers from the cranes. In the 2018/19 winter, natural food plants were abundant, so the cranes did not need to come to the lotus ponds. However, this winter will be a different story!